Why the Problem of Self-Help Threatens Coexistence Among Nigerians

The problem of self-help in Nigeria is threatening its coexistence as the government is failing in its primary duty to provide security for its citizens. The government’s first duty and highest obligation is public safety, and the recent mob killing of 16 suspected hunters traveling from Port Harcourt to Kano in Uromi, Edo State, underscores the deteriorating state of Nigeria’s security architecture. This tragic incident reflects deep-seated problems in the country’s policing structure, the breakdown of law enforcement, and the failure of state security operatives to coordinate effectively with local security actors. With the rising trend of mob justice and self-help measures by citizens frustrated by insecurity, Nigeria stands at a perilous crossroads. Without urgent reforms, the nation risks further descent into lawlessness, where ordinary citizens take security matters into their own hands with devastating consequences.

The Wisdom of Kennedy: The Role of Communities in Law Enforcement

Robert Kennedy, the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, once said, “Every society gets the kind of criminals it deserves. What is equally true is that every community gets the kind of law enforcement it insists on.” This quote emphasizes that a society’s security is shaped by both its criminal elements and its collective demand for effective policing. In Nigeria’s case, the increasing tolerance for mob justice reflects a society that has lost confidence in law enforcement.

Fragmented Policing Structure: A Core Challenge

The primary issue contributing to the self-help crisis is the fragmented nature of Nigeria’s policing structure. The Nigerian Police Force is overstretched, underfunded, and heavily politicized. Reports indicate that over 55% of its more than 371,000 personnel are deployed to protect politicians, businessmen, and high-profile individuals who can afford it. This situation leaves many communities vulnerable to crime and violence. The lack of adequate state policing means local security remains weak, forcing communities to rely on vigilante groups, hunters, and other self-defense initiatives. These groups often lack the training and regulation to operate lawfully and effectively. The Uromi incident is a direct consequence of this broken system, where misinformation and fear can lead to innocent lives being lost.

Proliferation of Arms and Unregulated Vigilantism

The proliferation of arms, illegal migration, and the failure to properly regulate vigilante groups further complicate the security landscape. These unregulated groups often operate outside legal frameworks and may clash with state security agencies or commit crimes themselves. To address these gaps, a comprehensive restructuring of Nigeria’s security apparatus is necessary. This involves adequate training, registration, and integration of local security outfits into a coordinated national framework supported by clear policies on gun control and intelligence-sharing mechanisms.

Broader Insecurity: Herding Conflicts, Border Failures, and Arms Trafficking

The conflict between herders and farmers, weak border controls, and the influx of illegal arms and drugs are all significant contributors to the security crisis. Without proper implementation of grazing and herding policies and improved legislative oversight, these longstanding issues will continue to destabilize rural communities. Strengthening border security and enforcing laws against illegal arms trafficking must become a national priority to prevent armed groups and criminals from exploiting these vulnerabilities.

Civic Education and the Role of Government

The federal and state governments must take a proactive role in educating citizens about the dangers of self-help, mob justice, and extrajudicial killings. Public enlightenment campaigns should emphasize the legal consequences of these actions and encourage collaboration between communities and law enforcement. The political class must also cease manipulating poverty and ignorance to instigate fear and violence. Strengthening local governments can help bridge the communication gap between communities and security agencies.

The Case for State Policing

Ultimately, Nigeria must move toward implementing a state policing model. The National Economic Council’s recommendation, already supported by thirty-four governors, offers a timely and practical solution. State governors should be empowered as chief security officers, overseeing well-structured, funded, and accountable police systems. The professionalization of local vigilante groups must accompany this change to ensure they operate as lawful, complementary forces rather than unregulated militias.

A technology-driven, well-funded, and coordinated security network can help restore public trust and decrease the surge of self-help justice. If Nigeria does not take decisive action now, the unchecked culture of mob violence and vigilantism will continue to present an existential threat to national unity, stability, and prosperity. The choice is clear: reform or risk descending into lawlessness.